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Skincare Ingredient

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Carbomer

In Skincare: Is Carbomer Safe? Comedogenic Rating & Side Effects

Comedogenicity (pore clogging)
1/5 — Very low risk
Safety (overall safety)
1/5 — Very low risk
Irritancy (skin irritation)
1/5 — Very low risk

Safety Information

Inert thickener; CIR supports safety in cosmetics with low irritation/sensitization risk (rare mild irritation possible). Carbomer is generally well-tolerated, with a comedogenicity rating of 1, indicating minimal pore-clogging potential. Safety is further supported by its widespread use in cosmetic formulations under proper conditions of use.

Quick Insights

At a glance

  • 01

    Carbomer is a synthetic polymer derived from acrylic acid, commonly used as a water-based thickening agent.

  • 02

    Carbomer is frequently incorporated into cosmetic formulations to achieve a gel-like texture.

  • 03

    Carbomer functions as a viscosity-controlling agent, influencing the consistency of cosmetic products.

  • 04

    Carbomer may enhance the penetration and retention of active ingredients within the skin.

  • 05

    Carbomer is a versatile ingredient found in various beauty products, including facial moisturizers, body lotions, hair care items, and makeup.

  • 06

    The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel evaluated carbomer and confirmed its safety for use in cosmetics.

Overview

Ingredient Profile

Carbomers are synthetic polymers commonly used in skincare to create gel-like textures and control product viscosity. These ingredients can enhance the absorption and retention of active ingredients within the skin, while also contributing to emulsion stability. Carbomers are found in a variety of cosmetic products, including skincare, makeup, and hair care, where they help maintain viscosity and suspend ingredients. Safety assessments have confirmed the safe use of carbomers at concentrations up to 15% in personal care formulations.
Classifications
Texture Enhancer
Polymer
pH Adjuster/Stabilizer

Data & Research

Scientific Facts

Carbomers are large, synthetic polymers created by crosslinking acrylic acid with polyalkenyl polyethers. Different carbomers are distinguished by their molecular weight and specific composition, identified on product labels with numbers such as 910, 934, 940, 941 and 934P. These numbers indicate the polymer’s molecular weight and specific components. Carbomers are capable of absorbing and retaining water, causing them to swell significantly when hydrated. They function as thickening, dispersing, suspending, and emulsifying agents within cosmetic formulations.

Common Uses

Formulation in Carbomer

Carbomers are used to stabilize emulsions by preventing separation of oil and water phases. They also help disperse insoluble solids within a liquid formulation, controlling viscosity and flow characteristics of the product. Carbomers contribute to emulsion stability and are frequently used in products requiring a gel-like consistency.

Role of Carbomer

Active Cosmetic Mechanisms

EMULSION STABILISING

Emulsion Stabilizer

Prevents oil and water mixtures from separating

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Emulsion stabilizers maintain dispersion of immiscible phases by preventing droplet coalescence through interfacial film formation, electrostatic repulsion, steric stabilization, viscosity enhancement, or network formation. Stabilizers include polymers (carbomers, xanthan gum), proteins, and modified celluloses. The combination of primary emulsifiers with secondary stabilizers creates robust lamellar liquid crystalline structures.

GEL FORMING

Gel Structure Builder

Creates gel-like texture and consistency

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Gel-forming ingredients transform liquids into stable, semi-solid gel structures through polymer network formation. Gelling agents include carbomers (cross-linked polyacrylic acids neutralized to form gels), natural gums (xanthan, gellan), cellulose derivatives, and carrageenan. Mechanism involves polymer chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding, or ionic cross-linking creating three-dimensional networks that trap water.

VISCOSITY CONTROLLING

Thickness Regulator

Adjusts product thickness and flow properties

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Viscosity controlling ingredients modify product flow characteristics through thickening or thinning. Thickeners include natural gums (xanthan, guar), synthetic polymers (carbomers, acrylates), and inorganic thickeners (silica, clays). Mechanism varies: polymer chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding networks, particle association, or swelling. Rheology modifiers create desired texture, prevent separation, control application properties, and affect sensory perception. Can produce Newtonian (constant viscosity) or non-Newtonian (shear-thinning, thixotropic) flow behavior.

Products

containing Carbomer

16283 formulations
Renewing SA Cleanser
Renewing SA Cleanser
CeraVe · cleanser
Moisturizing Cream
Moisturizing Cream
CeraVe · moisturizer
Solbar Avo SPF 35
Solbar Avo SPF 35
Person & Covey, Inc. · sunscreen

References

Scientific sources

[1]

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review, January 2019 pages 1-42

[2]

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, February 2016, ePublication

[3]

Pharmacognosy Magazine, October-December 2013, pages S6-S10

[4]

Handbook of Cosmetic Science & Technology, 2013, pages 17-18

[5]

International Journal of Toxicology, January 2003, pages 6-11

Semantic Analysis

Similar Ingredients

Ingredients with similar chemical profiles and skincare properties.

Frequently Asked Questions

Carbomer — common questions

What is Carbomer in skincare?

Carbomer refers to a group of synthetic polymers primarily made from acrylic acid. They are typically supplied as white powders, but when added to liquids, they form gels and are commonly used in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products including skincare, hair care, nail treatments, makeup, and oral hygiene items.

What does Carbomer do? / Functions of Carbomer?

Common functions: EMULSION STABILISING, GEL FORMING, VISCOSITY CONTROLLING.

What is the comedogenic rating of Carbomer? / Is Carbomer comedogenic?
1 1/5 — Very low risk

Carbomer has a comedogenic rating of 1 out of 5. A rating of 1 means it is unlikely to clog pores.

Does it clog pores?
Unlikely to Clog Pores

Carbomer is unlikely to clog pores (rating 1/5).

Is Carbomer safe for skin?
1 1/5 — Very low risk

Carbomer has a safety rating of 1 out of 5. A rating of 1 means it is generally considered safe for most skin types. Note: Inert thickener; CIR supports safety in cosmetics with low irritation/sensitization risk (rare mild irritation possible). Carbomer is generally well-tolerated, with a comedogenicity rating of 1, indic

Is Carbomer good for sensitive skin?
1 1/5 — Very low risk

Carbomer has an irritancy rating of 1 out of 5. A rating of 1 means it is generally well-tolerated.

What are the side effects of Carbomer in skincare?

Known considerations: Inert thickener; CIR supports safety in cosmetics with low irritation/sensitization risk (rare mild irritation possible). Carbomer is generally well-tolerated, with a comedogenicity rating of 1, indicating minimal pore-clogging potential. Safety is further supported by its widespread use in cosmetic formulations under proper conditions of use.

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