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Skincare Ingredient

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Sodium Chloride

In Skincare: Is Sodium Chloride Safe? Comedogenic Rating & Side Effects

Comedogenicity (pore clogging)
4/5 — High risk
Safety (overall safety)
2/5 — Low risk
Irritancy (skin irritation)
2/5 — Low risk

Safety Information

Overuse in formulations may exacerbate dryness or sensitivity, particularly in individuals with eczema or other barrier-compromised skin conditions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Sodium Chloride is safe in the present practices of use.

Quick Insights

At a glance

  • 01

    Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a familiar substance found in many households.

  • 02

    In cosmetics, sodium chloride serves as a binding agent and thickener, and may occasionally be used for its mild abrasive properties.

  • 03

    Sodium chloride appears as a white, crystalline solid at room temperature.

  • 04

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers sodium chloride as a substance Generally Recognized as Safe.

Overview

Ingredient Profile

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, functions primarily as a thickening and binding agent in skincare and haircare formulations like shampoos. It effectively increases the viscosity of water-based products, making it a versatile and cost-effective ingredient. When used in cosmetic formulations, sodium chloride is considered non-irritating and does not typically cause dryness. Recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, it is widely used in cosmetics without concentration restrictions.
Classifications
Texture Enhancer

Data & Research

Scientific Facts

Sodium chloride naturally occurs in seawater and as the mineral halite. It is an essential element for biological organisms, found within most body tissues and fluids. Sodium and chlorine ions from sodium chloride are vital for numerous physiological processes, including nutrient transport, waste removal, nerve function, and maintaining fluid balance.

Common Uses

Formulation in Sodium Chloride

Sodium chloride is utilized for several purposes within cosmetic formulations. It can contribute to oral hygiene by polishing teeth and reducing bad breath. It may also be added for flavoring or taste enhancement in certain products. Furthermore, sodium chloride can increase the viscosity of water-based formulations within a product.

Role of Sodium Chloride

Active Cosmetic Mechanisms

BULKING

Volume Builder

Adds volume and body without adding weight

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Bulking agents increase product volume while maintaining low density. These include low-density powders (hollow microspheres, perlite, expanded polymers), aerogels, and materials with high specific volume. Mechanism involves entrapping air within particle structures or creating open, porous networks. In hair products, bulking agents coat individual strands, increasing diameter and creating space between hairs.

FRAGRANCE

Scent Provider

Adds pleasant scent to cosmetic products

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Fragrance ingredients provide aromatic appeal through essential oils, aroma chemicals, and natural extracts. These volatile compounds interact with olfactory receptors creating scent perception. Fragrance design considers top notes (high volatility), middle notes (moderate volatility), and base notes (low volatility) for scent development over time. Must consider stability, allergen content, and regulatory compliance.

ORAL CARE

Dental Health Agent

Maintains or improves oral hygiene and dental health

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Oral care ingredients support dental health through fluoride compounds (stannous fluoride, sodium fluoride for remineralization), antimicrobials (triclosan, CPC), abrasives (silica for cleaning), and desensitizing agents (potassium nitrate, strontium chloride). Mechanisms include strengthening enamel through fluorapatite formation, reducing bacteria, removing stains, and blocking dentinal tubules. Must meet specific efficacy and safety standards.

VISCOSITY CONTROLLING

Thickness Regulator

Adjusts product thickness and flow properties

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Viscosity controlling ingredients modify product flow characteristics through thickening or thinning. Thickeners include natural gums (xanthan, guar), synthetic polymers (carbomers, acrylates), and inorganic thickeners (silica, clays). Mechanism varies: polymer chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding networks, particle association, or swelling. Rheology modifiers create desired texture, prevent separation, control application properties, and affect sensory perception. Can produce Newtonian (constant viscosity) or non-Newtonian (shear-thinning, thixotropic) flow behavior.

Products

containing Sodium Chloride

10012 formulations
Renewing SA Cleanser
Renewing SA Cleanser
CeraVe · cleanser
Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA
Natural Moisturizing Factors + HA
The Ordinary · moisturizer
Toleriane Purifying Foaming Face Cleanser
Toleriane Purifying Foaming Face Cleanser
La Roche-Posay · cleanser

References

Scientific sources

[1]

Cell Metabolism, March 2015, pages 493-501

[2]

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, June 2012

[3]

Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, February 2007, pages 187-194

Semantic Analysis

Similar Ingredients

Ingredients with similar chemical profiles and skincare properties.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sodium Chloride — common questions

What is Sodium Chloride in skincare?

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, is a white crystalline mineral. In cosmetics and personal care products, it’s used as a component in various formulations including oral hygiene items, shampoos, fragrances, skin and hair products, nail care products, cleansers, sunscreens, makeup, and bath products.

What does Sodium Chloride do? / Functions of Sodium Chloride?

Common functions: BULKING, FRAGRANCE, ORAL CARE, VISCOSITY CONTROLLING.

What is the comedogenic rating of Sodium Chloride? / Is Sodium Chloride comedogenic?
4 4/5 — High risk

Sodium Chloride has a comedogenic rating of 4 out of 5. This ingredient appears to be comedogenic. A rating of 4 means it has high pore-clogging potential.

Does it clog pores?
Likely to Clog Pores

This ingredient appears to be comedogenic (rating 4/5).

Is Sodium Chloride safe for skin?
2 2/5 — Low risk

Sodium Chloride has a safety rating of 2 out of 5. A rating of 2 means it is generally considered safe for most skin types. Note: Overuse in formulations may exacerbate dryness or sensitivity, particularly in individuals with eczema or other barrier-compromised skin conditions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel h

Is Sodium Chloride good for sensitive skin?
2 2/5 — Low risk

Sodium Chloride has an irritancy rating of 2 out of 5. A rating of 2 means it is generally well-tolerated.

What are the side effects of Sodium Chloride in skincare?

Known considerations: Overuse in formulations may exacerbate dryness or sensitivity, particularly in individuals with eczema or other barrier-compromised skin conditions. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Sodium Chloride is safe in the present practices of use. Additional risks: potential pore-clogging (comedogenic rating 4/5).

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