Acne & Breakouts

Comedonal acne consists of blocked pores without significant redness or swelling, appearing as blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones). Inflammatory acne involves papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, where C. acnes bacteria trigger an immune response. Most people have a mix of both types, which is why a multi-active approach tends to be more effective than relying on a single ingredient.

Purging is a temporary increase in breakouts triggered by actives that accelerate cell turnover, such as retinoids or exfoliants. It appears in areas where you would normally break out and resolves within 4 to 6 weeks of consistent use. A reaction to a product that does not suit your skin looks different: breakouts appear in new areas, do not follow your usual pattern, and do not clear up as use continues.

Yes, but not layered directly on top of each other. They address different parts of the acne cycle and complement each other well when used in separate steps. A typical approach is to use a salicylic acid toner after cleansing, followed by moisturiser, and apply benzoyl peroxide as a spot treatment to active lesions on top.

The evidence suggests it does for some people. High-glycaemic foods (refined sugar, white bread, processed carbohydrates) have been most consistently linked to increased breakouts because they spike insulin levels, which in turn stimulates androgen activity and sebum production. Dairy is implicated for some individuals, particularly skimmed milk. That said, dietary triggers are highly individual and not universal.

Yes, and it is common. Oily skin produces excess sebum but can still lack water in the stratum corneum, particularly if harsh actives have disrupted the barrier. Using very light humectants such as hyaluronic acid or glycerin alongside acne actives, rather than skipping moisturiser entirely, actually helps regulate sebum production over time.