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Skincare Ingredient

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Limonene

In Skincare: Is Limonene Safe? Comedogenic Rating & Side Effects

Safety (overall safety)
3/5 — Moderate risk
Irritancy (skin irritation)
4/5 — High risk

Quick Insights

At a glance

  • 01

    Limonene is a monoterpene naturally present in citrus oils.

  • 02

    In cosmetics, limonene functions primarily as a fragrance ingredient.

  • 03

    Exposure to air can cause limonene to oxidize.

  • 04

    Limonene has the potential to induce skin sensitization in some individuals.

Overview

Ingredient Profile

Limonene is a naturally occurring compound found in citrus fruits and other plants, often used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient and solvent. While it exhibits antioxidant properties, limonene can also cause skin sensitivity, particularly when exposed to air. Due to its ability to enhance the absorption of other ingredients, it's advisable to avoid products containing limonene alongside potential skin irritants. In the EU, concentrations of limonene above specified levels in leave-on and rinse-off products require specific labeling on ingredient lists.
Classifications
Fragrance: Synthetic and Natural
Irritant
Plant Extracts

Data & Research

Scientific Facts

Limonene is a naturally occurring terpene found in citrus fruit rinds. It’s used as a fragrance ingredient and can also be produced through synthetic methods.

Common Uses

Formulation in Limonene

Limonene is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products for its fragrance properties and as a solvent.

Role of Limonene

Active Cosmetic Mechanisms

DEODORANT

Odor Neutralizer

Masks or neutralizes body odor

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Deodorants combat body odor through antimicrobial action against odor-causing bacteria (Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus), odor absorption/adsorption, enzymatic inhibition, or masking with fragrance. Active ingredients include antimicrobials, odor absorbers (zinc ricinoleate, cyclodextrins), and fragrances. They prevent bacterial conversion of sweat components into volatile malodorous compounds without reducing sweat volume.

PERFUMING

Fragrance Provider

Provides fragrance to enhance product appeal

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Perfuming ingredients add pleasant scents through complex mixtures of natural essential oils, aroma chemicals, and synthetic compounds. These volatile molecules evaporate and interact with olfactory receptors. Perfume construction uses top notes (citrus, herbs - high volatility), middle notes (floral, spice - moderate volatility), and base notes (woods, musks - low volatility) creating evolving scent profile. Must consider stability, allergen declaration, and IFRA compliance.

SOLVENT

Ingredient Dissolver

Dissolves other ingredients to create uniform formulations

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Solvents dissolve, dilute, or disperse other ingredients creating homogeneous solutions. Water is universal solvent for hydrophilic ingredients. Organic solvents include ethanol (dissolves fragrances, some actives), propylene glycol, and glycerin. Selection based on polarity matching between solvent and solute. Mechanism involves disrupting intermolecular forces in solute and surrounding with solvent molecules. Critical for maintaining ingredient solubility and product stability.

Products

containing Limonene

19115 formulations
UV Plus Anti-Pollution Sunscreen SPF 50
UV Plus Anti-Pollution Sunscreen SPF 50
Clarins · sunscreen
BB Cream with SPF 15
BB Cream with SPF 15
Burt's Bees · makeup
Fusskraft Red
Fusskraft Red
Gehwol · body-skincare

References

Scientific sources

[1]

INCIpedia, Accessed June 2023, Webpage

[2]

Contact Dermatitis, February 2022, pages 113-119

[3]

Contact Dermatitis, January 2022, pages 15-24

[4]

Dermatitis, December 2019, pages 331-335

[5]

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, April 2013, pages 17-38

Semantic Analysis

Similar Ingredients

Ingredients with similar chemical profiles and skincare properties.

Frequently Asked Questions

Limonene — common questions

What is Limonene in skincare?

Limonene is a colorless liquid with a characteristic citrus scent. It’s a naturally occurring compound found primarily in the rinds of citrus fruits and can also be produced synthetically.

What does Limonene do? / Functions of Limonene?

Common functions: DEODORANT, PERFUMING, SOLVENT.

What is the comedogenic rating of Limonene? / Is Limonene comedogenic?

The comedogenic rating of Limonene has not been established in our database.

Does it clog pores?
No Rating Available

Whether Limonene clogs pores depends on the formulation and concentration.

Is Limonene safe for skin?
3 3/5 — Moderate risk

Limonene has a safety rating of 3 out of 5. A rating of 3 indicates moderate safety considerations.

Is Limonene good for sensitive skin?
4 4/5 — High risk

Limonene has an irritancy rating of 4 out of 5. A rating of 4 means it has high irritation potential.

What are the side effects of Limonene in skincare?

Potential side effects include skin irritation (irritancy rating 4/5).

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