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Skincare Ingredient

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Urea

In Skincare: Is Urea Safe? Comedogenic Rating & Side Effects

Comedogenicity (pore clogging)
1/5 — Very low risk
Safety (overall safety)
2/5 — Low risk
Irritancy (skin irritation)
2/5 — Low risk

Safety Information

May cause mild stinging or irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive or compromised skin barriers; the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that urea is safe for use in cosmetics under current conditions of use. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) rates urea as low hazard, with limited evidence of systemic toxicity or reproductive toxicity.

Quick Insights

At a glance

  • 01

    Urea is a humectant naturally present in skin’s Natural Moisturizing Factor, helping to draw moisture to the surface.

  • 02

    Urea effectively improves the appearance of dry to very dry, scaly skin by increasing hydration.

  • 03

    Concentrations exceeding 5% of urea can provide mild to significant exfoliation, gently removing dead skin cells.

  • 04

    Cosmetic formulations containing higher concentrations of urea may exhibit aesthetic changes or an odor.

  • 05

    Synthetic urea is commonly utilized in cosmetic products as a moisturizing and exfoliating ingredient.

Key Benefits

What Urea does for your skin

3 benefits
Hydration
Smooths Bumpy Skin
Evens Skin Tone

Overview

Ingredient Profile

Urea is a naturally occurring compound found in the skin's moisturizing factor and functions as a humectant, drawing moisture to the skin. Synthetic urea is commonly used in skincare formulations at concentrations ranging from 3% to 40%, where it provides moisturizing and softening benefits, as well as mild exfoliating properties at higher concentrations. It can also enhance the absorption of other ingredients and help stabilize product pH, while generally being considered safe and well-tolerated in skincare applications.
Classifications
Humectant
Exfoliant
pH Adjuster/Stabilizer

Data & Research

Scientific Facts

Urea (also known as carbamide) is a synthetic compound produced naturally in mammals during protein breakdown and excreted through urine. It’s an amide that acts as a buffering agent, humectant (attracts and retains moisture), and skin conditioning agent in cosmetic formulations.

Common Uses

Formulation in Urea

Urea helps maintain a stable pH balance within cosmetic formulations and reduces moisture loss from products when they are being used. In skincare, it increases hydration in the top layers of skin.

Role of Urea

Active Cosmetic Mechanisms

ANTISTATIC

Static Eliminator

Reduces static electricity and flyaway hair

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Antistatic agents neutralize electrostatic charges through cationic surfactants (quaternary ammonium compounds like behentrimonium chloride) or conductive polymers that increase surface conductivity to dissipate charge or attract moisture. The mechanism involves forming a conductive film on fiber surfaces, neutralizing charge buildup. Particularly effective on damaged hair with raised cuticles.

BUFFERING

pH Stabilizer

Maintains stable pH levels in products

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Buffering systems resist pH changes through weak acid-conjugate base pairs (citric acid/sodium citrate, lactic acid/sodium lactate, phosphate salts) that operate within specific pH ranges based on their pKa values. The mechanism follows the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, with buffer components neutralizing added H⁺ or OH⁻ ions. Proper buffering prevents pH drift and maintains efficacy.

HUMECTANT

Moisture Magnet

Attracts and retains moisture in skin and hair

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Humectant ingredients draw water from the environment and deeper skin layers through hygroscopic properties. Common humectants include glycerin, propylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, urea, and alpha-hydroxy acids. These contain multiple hydroxyl groups or other hydrophilic functional groups that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Mechanism involves attracting water to the stratum corneum, reducing transepidermal water loss, and increasing skin hydration.

SKIN CONDITIONING

Skin Enhancer

Maintains skin in good condition and improves its feel

SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS

// Evidence: Skin conditioning ingredients enhance appearance, texture, and health of skin through various mechanisms. This broad category encompasses emollients, humectants, occlusives, and other agents that improve skin feel, appearance, and function. May work by moisturizing, smoothing, softening, or protecting skin. Effects include improved tactile properties, enhanced barrier function, and better overall skin condition.

Products

containing Urea

2720 formulations
Regenerating Face Mask with Snail Extract
Regenerating Face Mask with Snail Extract
Victoria Beauty · masks
Med Callus Cream
Med Callus Cream
Gehwol · body-skincare
Urea Body Milk
Urea Body Milk
Shiseido · body-skincare

References

Scientific sources

[1]

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, October 2021, pages 102–111

[2]

Dermatologic Therapy, November 2018, ePublication

[3]

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, May 2016, pages 633–639

[4]

Dermatology Online Journal, November 2013, ePublication

[5]

The Art and Science of Moisturizers, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pages 481-492

[6]

International Journal of Toxicology, 2005, pages 1-56

[7]

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, March 2002, pages 217-222

Semantic Analysis

Similar Ingredients

Ingredients with similar chemical profiles and skincare properties.

Frequently Asked Questions

Urea — common questions

What is Urea in skincare?

Urea is a white crystalline powder or small pellets. It’s commonly used in cosmetic products such as skincare, hair care (both colored and non-colored), and eye makeup.

What does Urea do? / Functions of Urea?

Common functions: ANTISTATIC, BUFFERING, HUMECTANT, SKIN CONDITIONING.

What is the comedogenic rating of Urea? / Is Urea comedogenic?
1 1/5 — Very low risk

Urea has a comedogenic rating of 1 out of 5. A rating of 1 means it is unlikely to clog pores.

Does it clog pores?
Unlikely to Clog Pores

Urea is unlikely to clog pores (rating 1/5).

Is Urea safe for skin?
2 2/5 — Low risk

Urea has a safety rating of 2 out of 5. A rating of 2 means it is generally considered safe for most skin types. Note: May cause mild stinging or irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive or compromised skin barriers; the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that urea is safe for us

Is Urea good for sensitive skin?
2 2/5 — Low risk

Urea has an irritancy rating of 2 out of 5. A rating of 2 means it is generally well-tolerated.

What are the side effects of Urea in skincare?

Known considerations: May cause mild stinging or irritation, particularly in individuals with sensitive or compromised skin barriers; the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that urea is safe for use in cosmetics under current conditions of use. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) rates urea as low hazard, with limited evidence of systemic toxicity or reproductive toxicity.

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